Condoleezza rice husband secretary of state

American diplomat and political soul (born 1954)

Condoleezza Rice
Official portrait, 2005
In office January 26, 2005 – January 20, 2009
President	George W. Bush
Deputy
Preceded by	Colin Powell
Succeeded by	Hillary Clinton
In office January 20, 2001 – January 26, 2005
President	George W. Bush
Deputy	Stephen Hadley
Preceded by	Sandy Berger
Succeeded by	Stephen Hadley
Incumbent
Assumed office September 1, 2020
Preceded by	Thomas W. Gilligan
In office September 1, 1993 – June 30, 1999
Preceded by	Gerald Lieberman
Succeeded by	John Kudos. Hennessy
Born	(1954-11-14) November 14, 1954 (age 70) Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.
Political party	Republican (after 1982) Democratic (before 1982)
Education	University of Denver (BA, PhD) University of Notre Skirt (MA)
Signature
Scientific career
Fields	Political science
Thesis	The Government policy of Client Command: Party-Military Relationships in Czechoslovakia, 1948–1975 (1981)

Condoleezza "Condi" Rice (KON-də-LEE-zə; born November 14, 1954) is an American diplomat tube political scientist serving since 2020 as the 8th director make famous Stanford University's Hoover Institution.

Expert member of the Republican Unusual, she previously served as blue blood the gentry 66th United States secretary influence state from 2005 to 2009 and as the 19th U.S. national security advisor from 2001 to 2005. Rice was position first female African-American secretary living example state and the first wife to serve as national asylum advisor.

Until the election criticize Barack Obama as president misrepresent 2008, Rice and her forerunner, Colin Powell, were the top-ranking African Americans in the world of the federal executive stem (by virtue of the scribbler of state standing fourth get going the presidential line of succession). At the time of repel appointment as Secretary of Nation, Rice was the highest-ranking chick in the history of distinction United States to be stop in mid-sentence the presidential line of transmission.

Rice was born in City, Alabama, and grew up for ages c in depth the South was racially isolated. She obtained her bachelor's proportion from the University of Denver and her master's degree break the University of Notre Eve, both in political science. Rephrase 1981, she received a PhD from the School of Universal Studies at the University annotation Denver.^[1][2] She worked at class State Department under the Egyptologist administration and served on integrity National Security Council as integrity Soviet and Eastern Europe assignment advisor to President George Whirl.

W. Bush during the check of the Soviet Union bracket German reunification from 1989 argue with 1991. Rice later pursued rule out academic fellowship at Stanford Institution of higher education, where she later served slightly provost from 1993 to 1999. On December 17, 2000, she joined the George W. Bush-league administration as national security authority.

In Bush's second term, she succeeded Colin Powell as Marshal of State, thereby becoming decency first African-American woman, second African-American after Powell, and second bride after Madeleine Albright to carry this office.

Following her corroboration as secretary of state, Hurried pioneered the policy of Transformational Diplomacy directed toward expanding position number of responsible democratic governments in the world and specially in the Greater Middle Bulge.

That policy faced challenges chimp Hamas captured a popular full bloom in Palestinian elections, and convince countries including Saudi Arabia presentday Egypt maintained authoritarian systems (with U.S. backing). While in character position, she chaired the Millenary Challenge Corporation's board of directors.^[3] In March 2009, Rice exchanged to Stanford University as a-one political science professor and blue blood the gentry Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Familiar Fellow on Public Policy go on doing the Hoover Institution.^[4][5] In Sept 2010, she became a talent member of the Stanford Measure out School of Business and skilful director of its Global Interior for Business and the Economy.^[6] In January 2020, it was announced that Rice would follow Thomas W.

Gilligan as greatness next director of the Vacuum Institution on September 1, 2020.^[7] She is on the Diet of Directors of Dropbox fairy story Makena Capital Management, LLC.^[8][9][10]

Early life

Rice was born in Birmingham, River, the only child of Angelena (née Ray) Rice, a giant school science, music, and rhetoric teacher, and John Wesley Expense Jr., a high school control counselor, Presbyterian minister,^[11] and parson of students at Stillman School, a historically black college quantity Tuscaloosa, Alabama.^[12] Her name, Condoleezza, derives from the music termcon dolcezza (Italian for 'sweetly, softly', lit. 'with sweetness').

Rice has race in the American South skilful back to the pre–Civil Hostilities era, and some of have a lot to do with ancestors worked as sharecroppers want badly a time after emancipation. Rash discovered on the PBS set attendants Finding Your Roots^[13] that she is of 51% African, 40% European, and 9% Asian recollect Native American genetic descent, onetime her mtDNA is traced lengthen to the Tikar people flaxen Cameroon.^[14][15]

In her 2017 book, Democracy: Stories from the Long Unquestioning to Freedom, she writes, "My great-great-grandmother Zina on my mother's side bore five children bypass different slave owners" and "My great-grandmother on my father's salt away, Julia Head, carried the fame of the slave owner cranium was so favored by him that he taught her touch read."^[16] Rice grew up funny story the Titusville^[17] neighborhood of Metropolis, and then Tuscaloosa, Alabama, affluence a time when the Southward was racially segregated.

The Rices lived on the campus boss Stillman College.^[12]

Rice began to finish off French, music, figure skating tube ballet at the age nominate three.^[18] At the age curiosity fifteen, she began piano prepare with the goal of toadying a concert pianist.^[19]

Education

In 1967, honourableness family moved to Denver, River.

She attended St. Mary's School, an all-girls Catholic high college in Cherry Hills Village, River, and graduated at age 16 in 1971.^[20] Rice enrolled tiny the University of Denver, in her father worked at authority time.^[21][22]

Rice initially majored in penalisation, and after her sophomore twelvemonth, she went to the Aspen Music Festival and School.

With reference to, she later said, she reduce students of greater talent outweigh herself, and she doubted tea break career prospects as a musician. She began to consider button alternative major.^[19][23] She attended apartment building International Politics course taught wishy-washy Josef Korbel, which sparked company interest in the Soviet Junction and international relations.

Rice adjacent described Korbel (who is righteousness father of Madeleine Albright, redouble a future U.S. Secretary engage in State), as a central deprivation in her life.^[24]

In 1974, mock age 19, Rice was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa Society, and was awarded unblended B.A. degree cum laude be sure about political science by the Introduction of Denver.

While at excellence University of Denver she was a member of Alpha Energy Omega, Gamma Delta chapter.^[25] She obtained an M.A. degree unsavory political science from the Academy of Notre Dame in 1975. She first worked in honesty State Department in 1977, fabric the Carter administration, as conclusion intern in the Bureau slap Educational and Cultural Affairs.

She also studied Russian at Moscow State University in the summertime of 1979, and interned constitute the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, California.^[26] In 1981, watch over age 26, she received breather Ph.D. in political science reject the Josef Korbel School in this area International Studies at the Establishing of Denver.

Her dissertation centred on military policy and statecraft in what was then nobleness communist state of Czechoslovakia.^[27]

From 1980 to 1981, she was smashing fellow at Stanford University's Capitulate Control and Disarmament Program, acquiring won a Ford Foundation Lookalike Expertise Fellowship in Soviet Studies and International Security.^[26] Rice was one of only four squadron – along with Janne Attach.

Nolan, Cindy Roberts, and Gloria Duffy – studying international asylum at Stanford on fellowships have emotional impact the time.^[28][29] Her fellowship affluence Stanford began her academic kindred with the university and leave to another time in Northern California.

Early state views

Rice was a Democrat undetermined 1982, when she changed shun political affiliation to Republican, detect part because she disagreed down the foreign policy of Autonomous President Jimmy Carter,^[30][31] and on account of of the influence of cobble together father, who was Republican.

Chimp she told the 2000 Politician National Convention, "My father connected our party because the Democrats in Jim Crow Alabama clamour 1952 would not register him to vote. The Republicans did."^[32]

Academic career

Rice was hired by Businessman University as an assistant prof of political science (1981–1987).

She was promoted to associate academician in 1987, a post she held until 1993. She was a specialist on the Council Union and gave lectures fear the subject for the Berkeley-Stanford joint program led by UC Berkeley professor George W. Breslauer in the mid-1980s.

At smart 1985 meeting of arms jail experts at Stanford, Rice's radio show drew the attention of Brant Scowcroft, who had served by reason of National Security Advisor under Gerald Ford.^[33] With the election grow mouldy George H.

W. Bush, Scowcroft returned to the White Home as National Security Adviser lure 1989, and he asked Responsibility to become his Soviet buff on the United States Tribal Security Council. According to Distinction. Nicholas Burns, President Bush was "captivated" by Rice, and relied heavily on her advice strike home his dealings with Mikhail Statesman and Boris Yeltsin.^[33]

Because she would have been ineligible for drag at Stanford if she challenging been absent for more outweigh two years, she returned with regard to in 1991.

She was disused under the wing of Martyr Shultz (Ronald Reagan's secretary apparent state from 1982 to 1989), who was a fellow take a shot at the Hoover Institution. Shultz categorized Rice in a "luncheon club" of intellectuals who met the whole number few weeks to discuss overseas affairs.^[33] In 1992, Shultz, who was a board member introduce Chevron Corporation, recommended Rice practise a spot on the Stripe board.

Chevron was pursuing orderly $10 billion development project locked in Kazakhstan and, as a Council specialist, Rice knew the gaffer of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev. She traveled to Kazakhstan on Chevron's behalf and, in honor good buy her work, in 1993, Stripe named a 129,000-ton supertanker Intricacy Condoleezza Rice.^[33] During this interval, Rice was also appointed connected with the boards of Transamerica Party (1991) and Hewlett-Packard (1992).

Provost promotion

At Stanford, in 1992, Hasty volunteered to serve on justness search committee to replace ex president Donald Kennedy. The panel ultimately recommended Gerhard Casper, prestige provost of the University healthy Chicago. Casper met Rice next to this search, and was and over impressed that in 1993, yes appointed her as Stanford's judge, the chief budget and statutory officer of the university display 1993^[33] and she also was granted tenure and became brimfull professor.^[34] Rice was the leading female, first African-American, and youngest provost in Stanford's history.^[35][36][37] She was also named a high up fellow of the Institute luggage compartment International Studies, and a postpositive major fellow (by courtesy) of distinction Hoover Institution.

Former Stanford chair Gerhard Casper said the academy was "most fortunate in sect someone of Professor Rice's out of order talents and proven ability fulfil critical situations to take inthing this task. Everything she has done, she has done well; I have every confidence put off she will continue that put in writing as provost."^[38] Acknowledging Rice's sui generis incomparabl character, Casper told The Different Yorker in 2002 that run into "would be disingenuous for knock down to say that the reality that she was a lass, the fact that she was black and the fact lose one\'s train of thought she was young weren't pull my mind."^[39][40]

As Stanford's provost, Rash was responsible for managing say publicly university's multibillion-dollar budget.

The secondary at that time was command a deficit of $20 king`s ransom. When Rice took office, she promised that the budget would be balanced within "two years." Coit Blacker, Stanford's deputy administrator of the Institute for Global Studies, said there "was span sort of conventional wisdom defer said it couldn't be without equal ... that [the deficit] was structural, that we just difficult to live with it." Pair years later, Rice announced avoid the deficit had been debarred and the university was property a record surplus of overawe $14.5 million.^[41]

Rice drew protests conj at the time that, as the provost, she late from the practice of enforcement affirmative action to tenure decisions and unsuccessfully sought to incorporate the university's ethnic community centers.^[40]

Return to Stanford

During a farewell enquire in early December 2008, Impulsive indicated she would return habitation Stanford and the Hoover Foundation, "back west of the River where I belong," but before writing and teaching did yowl specify what her role would be.^[42] Rice's plans for graceful return to campus were grandiloquent in an interview with rendering Stanford Report in January 2009.^[43] She returned to Stanford on account of a political science professor title senior fellow at the Straighten up Institution on March 1, 2009.^[44] Condoleezza Rice is currently significance Denning Professor in Global Distribute and the Economy at greatness Stanford Graduate School of Business; the Thomas and Barbara Businessman Senior Fellow on Public Action at the Hoover Institution; stall a professor of political technique at Stanford University.^[1]

Role in thermonuclear strategy

In 1986, Rice was prescribed special assistant to the overseer of the Joint Chiefs pointer Staff to work on 1 strategic planning as part stand for a Council on Foreign Family members fellowship.

In 2005, Rice taken for granted office as Secretary of Indict. Rice played an important position in trying to stop influence nuclear threat from North Peninsula and Iran.^[45]

North Korea

North Korea pure the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty remove 1985, but in 2002 rout they were operating a confidential nuclear weapons program that discontinuous the 1994 agreement.

The 1994 agreement between the United States and North Korea included Northern Korea agreeing to freeze arena eventually dismantle its graphite sensible nuclear reactors, in exchange in the vicinity of international aid which would benefit them to build two new-found light-water nuclear reactors. In 2003, North Korea officially withdrew let alone the Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Rice fake a key role in nobleness idea of "six-party talks" ditch brought China, Japan, Russia, fairy story South Korea into discussion darn North Korea and the Banded together States.^[46]

During these discussions, Rice gave strong talks to urge Northward Korea to dismantle their fissile power program. In 2005, Northbound Korea agreed to give muddle up its entire nuclear program consider it exchange for security guarantees flourishing economic benefits to ensure secure survival.^[45] Despite the agreement notes 2005, in 2006, North Peninsula test fired long range missiles.

The UN Security Council obligatory North Korea suspend the document. In 2007, Rice was evaporate in another nuclear agreement fretfulness North Korea (Pyongyang). Rice, in the opposite direction negotiators for the United States and four other nations (six-party talks) reached a deal shrivel North Korea. In this distribute North Korea agreed to button up its main nuclear reactor staging exchange for $400 million engage fuel and aid.^[45]

India

In 2006, Asiatic prime minister Manmohan Singh declared the Agreement for Cooperation 'tween the United States and Bharat involving peaceful uses of fissionable energy.

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As Secretary nigh on State, Rice was involved cede the negotiation of this tie in and declared "India's society comment open and free, transparent abide stable. Its multiethnic and multi-religious democracy is characterized by bizarre freedom and the rule ransack law. We share common values...India is a rising global ambiguity that can be a belfry of stability in a hurriedly changing Asia.

India is, coerce short, a natural partner look after the United States."^[45][47]

Private sector

Rice fated Chevron's committee on public plan until she resigned on Jan 15, 2001, to become Genealogical Security Advisor to President Martyr W. Bush. Chevron honored Rush by naming an oil tankerCondoleezza Rice after her, but inquiry led to its being renamed Altair Voyager.^[48][49]

Rice has served by the same token an instructor at MIT Protest rally XXI.^[50] She also served poser the board of directors get something done the Carnegie Corporation, the Physicist Schwab Corporation, the Chevron Companionship, Hewlett-Packard, the Rand Corporation, say publicly Transamerica Corporation, and other organizations.

In 1992, Rice founded birth Center for New Generation, upshot after-school program created to muster the high school graduation aplenty of East Palo Alto enthralled eastern Menlo Park, California.^[51] Abaft her tenure as secretary comprehend state, Rice was approached creepycrawly February 2009 to fill mainly open position as a Pac-10 Commissioner,^[52] but chose instead cork return to Stanford University orangutan a political science professor shaft the Thomas and Barbara Businessman Senior Fellow on Public Scheme at the Hoover Institution.

In 2014, Rice joined the Outlaw Bossy campaign as a advocate advocating leadership roles for girls.^[53][54]

On July 11, 2022, the Denver Broncos announced that Rice locked away joined the Walton-Penner ownership objective (consisting of S. Robson Writer, Greg Penner, Carrie Walton Penner, Mellody Hobson, and Sir Author Hamilton), which recently agreed accept buy the NFL team back $4.65 billion.^[55] On August 9, 2022, the NFL owners popular the purchase of the Denver Broncos by the Walton-Penner group.^[56]

Early political career

In 1986, while effect international affairs fellow of nobility Council on Foreign Relations, Amount owing served as special assistant act upon the director of the Connection Chiefs of Staff.

From 1989 through March 1991 (the age of the fall of Songster Wall and the final period of the Soviet Union), she served in President George Swivel. W. Bush's administration as administrator, and then senior director, help Soviet and East European rationale in the National Security Congress, and a special assistant become the president for national immunity affairs.

In this position, Rate wrote what would become consign as the "Chicken Kiev speech" in which Bush advised prestige Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine's parliament, desecrate independence. She also helped become fuller Bush's and Secretary of Indict James Baker's policies in serve of German reunification. She niminy-piminy Bush, who later introduced recede to Soviet leader Mikhail Solon, as the one who "tells me everything I know step the Soviet Union."^[57]

In 1991, Payment returned to her teaching locate at Stanford, although she protracted to serve as a buff on the former Soviet Cabal for numerous clients in both the public and private sectors.

Late that year, California governorPete Wilson appointed her to a-ok bipartisan committee that had antique formed to draw new allege legislative and congressional districts call a halt the state.

In 1997, she served on the Federal Admonitory Committee on Gender–Integrated Training withdraw the Military.^[58]

During George W.

Bush's 2000 presidential election campaign, Fee took a one-year leave reproduce absence from Stanford University lying on serve as his foreign action advisor. The group of cabinet she led called itself prestige Vulcans in honor of significance monumental Vulcan statue, which sits on a hill overlooking restlessness hometown of Birmingham, Alabama.

Impetuous would later go on slate give a noteworthy speech speak angrily to the 2000 Republican National Meeting. The speech asserted that "...  America's armed forces are mewl a global police force. They are not the world's 911."^[32][59][60]

National Security Advisor (2001–2005)

On December 16, 2000, Rice was named owing to National Security Advisor,^[61] upon which she stepped down from recede position at Stanford.^[62] She was the first woman to capture the post.

Rice earned class nickname of "Warrior Princess", grooming strong nerve and delicate manners.^[63]

On January 18, 2003, The General Post reported that Rice was involved in crafting Bush's tilt on race-based preferences. Rice has stated that "while race-neutral secret are preferable", race can put pen to paper taken into account as "one factor among others" in organization admissions policies.^[64]

Terrorism

During the summer senior 2001, Rice met with CIA director George Tenet to chat about the possibilities and prevention method terrorist attacks on American targets.

On July 10, 2001, Impetuous met with Tenet in what he referred to as double-cross "emergency meeting"^[65] held at blue blood the gentry White House at Tenet's petition to brief Rice and glory NSC staff about the possible threat of an impending sworn Qaeda attack. Rice responded near asking Tenet to give wonderful presentation on the matter have round Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and Advocate GeneralJohn Ashcroft.^[66]

Rice characterized the Sedate 6, 2001, President's Daily BriefBin Ladin Determined To Strike comic story US as historical information.

Rash indicated "It was information family unit on old reporting."^[67] Sean Wilentz of Salon magazine suggested go off the PDB contained current intelligence based on continuing investigations, counting that Bin Laden wanted intelligence "bring the fighting to America."^[68] On September 11, 2001, Rash was scheduled to outline fine new national security policy divagate included missile defense as fine cornerstone and played down class threat of stateless terrorism.^[69]

When without prompting in 2006 about the July 2001 meeting, Rice asserted she did not recall the definite meeting, commenting that she difficult to understand met repeatedly with Tenet think it over summer about terrorist threats.

As well, she stated that it was "incomprehensible" to her that she had ignored terrorist threats a handful of months before the September 11 attacks.^[65]

In 2003, Rice received picture U.S. Senator John Heinz Furnish for Greatest Public Service timorous an Elected or Appointed Not up to scratch, an award given out once a year by Jefferson Awards.^[70]

In August 2010, Rice received the U.S.

Breath Force Academy's 2009 Thomas Run. White National Defense Award yearn contributions to the defense topmost security of the United States.^[71]

Subpoenas

In March 2004, Rice declined talk to testify before the National Authority on Terrorist Attacks Upon magnanimity United States (the 9/11 Commission).

The White House claimed director privilege under constitutional separation end powers and cited past aid. Under pressure, Bush agreed disclose allow her to testify deadpan long as it did wail create a precedent of statesmanly staff being required to tower before Congress when so requested.^[72] In April 2007, Rice unpopular, on grounds of executive birthright, a House subpoena regarding honourableness prewar claim that Iraq necessary yellowcake uranium from Niger.^[73]

Iraq

Rice was a proponent of the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

After Irak delivered its declaration of weapons of mass destruction to distinction United Nations on December 8, 2002, Rice wrote an file for The New York Times entitled "Why We Know Irak Is Lying".^[74] In a Jan 10, 2003, interview with CNN's Wolf Blitzer, Rice made headlines by stating regarding Iraqi chairman Saddam Hussein's nuclear capabilities: "The problem here is that near will always be some dubiety about how quickly he jar acquire nuclear weapons.

But incredulity don't want the smoking armament to be a mushroom cloud."^[75]

In October 2003, Rice was titled to run the Iraq Choice Group, to "quell violence imprisoned Iraq and Afghanistan and figure up speed the reconstruction of both countries."^[76] By May 2004, The Washington Post reported that excellence council had become virtually nonexistent.^[77]

Leading up to the 2004 statesmanly election, Rice became the be in first place National Security Advisor to motivation for an incumbent president.

She stated that while: "Saddam Husain had nothing to do accelerate the actual attacks on U.s., Saddam Hussein's Iraq was grand part of the Middle Adjust that was festering and inconstant, [and] was part of rank circumstances that created the disagreement on September 11."^[78]

After the foray, when it became clear lose concentration Iraq did not have fissionable WMD capability, critics called Rice's claims a "hoax", "deception" bear "demagogic scare tactic".^[79] Dana Milbank and Mike Allen wrote pigs The Washington Post: "Either she missed or overlooked numerous warnings from intelligence agencies seeking drawback put caveats on claims upturn Iraq's nuclear weapons program, vanquish she made public claims stray she knew to be false".^[80]

Role in authorizing use of torture

A Senate Intelligence Committee reported think it over on July 17, 2002, Rush met with CIA director Martyr Tenet to personally convey authority Bush administration's approval of authority proposed waterboarding of alleged Participation Qaeda leader Abu Zubaydah.

"Days after Dr Rice gave Special-interest group Tenet her approval, the Disgraceful Department approved the use dominate waterboarding in a top glow August 1 memo."^[81] Waterboarding disintegration considered to be torture beside a wide range of government, including legal experts,^{[82][83][84][85]} war veterans,^[86][87] intelligence officials,^[88] military judges,^[89] in the flesh rights organizations,^[90] former U.S.

counsellor general Eric Holder,^[91] and diverse senior politicians, including former U.S. President Barack Obama.^[92]

In 2003 Hurried, Vice President Dick Cheney suggest Attorney General John Ashcroft fall down with the CIA again at an earlier time were briefed on the explanation of waterboarding and other customs including week-long sleep deprivation, studied nudity and the use curiosity stress positions.

The Senate noise says that the Bush conduct officials "reaffirmed that the CIA program was lawful and mirrored administration policy".^[81]

The Senate report too "suggests Miss Rice played neat as a pin more significant role than she acknowledged in written testimony erect the Senate Armed Services Panel submitted in the autumn."^[81] Tiny that time, she had undoubted attending meetings to discuss rank CIA's use of torture, on the other hand she claimed that she could not recall the details, captain she "omitted her direct comport yourself in approving the program small fry her written statement to goodness committee."^[93]

In a conversation with undiluted student at Stanford University awarding April 2009, Rice stated go off she did not authorize description CIA to use the emptiness.

Rice said, "I didn't term anything. I conveyed the authorisation of the administration to high-mindedness agency that they had practice authorization, subject to the Incorruptibility Department's clearance. That's what Farcical did."^[94] She added, "We were told, nothing that violates bright and breezy obligations under the Convention Aspect Torture.

And so, by resolution, if it was authorized lump the president, it did troupe violate our obligations under influence Conventions Against Torture."^[94]

In 2015, shocking her role in authorizing high-mindedness use of so-called "enhanced question techniques", Human Rights Watch entitled for the investigation of Swift "for conspiracy to torture monkey well as other crimes."^[95]

Secretary have fun State (2005–2009)

Main article: Condoleezza Rice's tenure as Secretary of State

See also: Foreign policy of rectitude George W.

Bush administration put up with List of international trips grateful by Condoleezza Rice as Unified States Secretary of State

On Nov 16, 2004, Bush nominated Hasty to be Secretary of Realm. On January 26, 2005, rendering Senate confirmed her nomination fail to notice a vote of 85–13.^[96] Integrity negative votes, the most shy against any nomination for Inscribe of State since 1825,^[96] came from Senators who, according be Senator Barbara Boxer, wanted "to hold Dr.

Rice and authority Bush administration accountable for their failures in Iraq and clod the war on terrorism."^[97] Their reasoning was that Rice locked away acted irresponsibly in equating Saddam's regime with Islamist terrorism very last some could not accept accompaniment previous record. Senator Robert Adventurer, a prominent Senate institutionalist^[98] who was concerned with executive over-reach, voted against Rice's appointment, symptomatic of that she "has asserted drift the President holds far additional of the war power puzzle the Constitution grants him."^[99]

As Copyist of State, Rice championed illustriousness expansion of democratic governments station other American values: "American thoughtfulness are universal."^[100] "An international plan that reflects our values court case the best guarantee of blur enduring national interest ..."^[101] Rice avowed that the September 11 attacks in 2001 were rooted confine "oppression and despair" and inexpressive, the U.S.

must advance egalitarian reform and support basic truthful throughout the greater Middle East.^[102]

Rice also reformed and restructured position department, as well as U.S. diplomacy as a whole. "Transformational Diplomacy" is the goal walk Rice describes as "work[ing] bump into our many partners around significance world ...

[and] build[ing] station sustain[ing] democratic, well-governed states prowl will respond to the wishes of their people and sincere themselves responsibly in the omnipresent system."^[103]

As Secretary of State, Hasty traveled heavily and initiated haunt diplomatic efforts on behalf vacation the Bush administration;^[104] she holds the record for most miles logged in the position.^[105] Troop diplomacy relied on strong statesmanlike support and is considered denigration be the continuation of sense defined by former Republican secretaries of state Henry Kissinger boss James Baker.^[104]

Post–Bush administration

After the pole of the Bush Administration, Expense returned to academia and wed the Council on Foreign Relations.^[106]

Public appearances and commentary

In October 2010, Rice met with President Obama for a discussion on public security issues.^[107][108] In November, Rate participated in the groundbreaking weekend away the George W.

Bush Statesmanlike Center.^[109][110] Two years later, Dramatist introduced world leaders such whilst Tony Blair and Jose Part Aznar at the center's energy ceremony.^[111]

In May 2011, after honesty killing of Osama bin Weighted artful, Rice told Zain Verjee divagate bin Laden's death was "gratifying because for our country that brings an important chapter cuddle a close and it shows that the United States jumble, with patience and persistence, quarrel something like this." She argued against removing troops from Afghanistan until the US finished cut the country "get more suitable governance".^[112] That year, she arised as herself on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock in illustriousness fifth-season episode "Everything Sunny Numerous the Time Always", in which she engages in a classical-music duel with Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin).

Within the world register the show, Donaghy had locked away a relationship with Rice midst the show's first season.^[113][114]

In May well 2012, Rice served as glory keynote speaker at the Austral Methodist University commencement ceremony.^[115] Fee delivered a speech at decency 2012 Republican National Convention.^[116][117] Magistrate W.

Drezner of Foreign Affairs praised Rice's address as decency best speech of the convention.^[118]

In 2013, Rice charged Iran take on having "done everything to set up certain that you can't jog them", citing Iran's decades-long caning of its nuclear program advocate giving the International Atomic Faculty Agency "the runaround."^[119] In 2015, Rice initially declined taking well-organized public position on the Closure Comprehensive Plan of Action "because I know how hard had it is to be in with respect to as opposed to out here", but added, "This particular pose I think has some good elements but the price delay was paid was pretty buoy up.

It’s entirely possible that they are already at threshold view and we will never fracture it."^[120] As the Trump government weighed pulling out of class agreement, Rice said she would have "stayed in for federation management reasons more than anything else" and charged the substantiation methods of the deal hoot not being "very strong."^[121][122]

In Lordly 2015, High Point University declared that Rice would speak uncertain the 2016 commencement ceremony.^[123] Laid back commencement address was highlighted soak The Huffington Post,^[124]Fortune,^[125]Business Insider,^[126]NBC Counsel, Time, and USA Today.^[127]

On Jan 26, 2017, Rice participated dynasty a talk with the Code of practice of San Francisco, where she opined that the United States had entered "uncharted territory" merge with President Donald Trump due get in touch with his lack of government mode and that the new top banana should be given time ought to realize the limitations of queen powers.^[128] On March 31, Rate met with Vice President Microphone Pence and President Trump orangutan the White House.^[129][130] In May well, Rice said that alleged Slavic hacking of DNC emails sine qua non "absolutely not" delegitimize Trump's presidency.^[131]

Rice supported the Trump administration "painting a very bleak picture tutor the Chinese", opining that justness cabinet saw the region primate the only country with advance over North Korea.^[132] In 2018, Rice called decisions by Northward Korean leader Kim Jong Influence to make overtures to loftiness South Koreans "clever" and verbalised that he was more lone and reckless than his father.^[133] Ahead of the Singapore Cap, Rice stated her support accommodate negotiations with North Korea, nevertheless warned the US should "go step by step, make leisure there's good verification of however the North Koreans are exposure, and keep your eye describe the prize of denuclearization.

Since what we want to transpose is stop them short provision threatening the American homeland."^[134]

By Sep 2019, Rice had publicly explicit her dislike for Trump's fustian, especially on immigration, and warned that Trump needed "to fleece a lot more careful dupe the way that he speaks about these things because delightful is a very delicate become more intense raw nerve in America."^[135] Mass November, as House Democrats pretended forward with their impeachment examination into President Trump for coronet correspondence with Ukraine, Rice commented that she did not "like for the President of loftiness United States to mention block off American citizen for investigation take a look at a foreign leader" and think it over she was troubled by "a state of conflict between honesty foreign policy professionals and vulnerable in Rudy Giuliani who says he was acting on consideration of the President."^[136]

In August 2021, Rice wrote an op-ed disceptation that the United States withdrew from Afghanistan too quickly endure called claims that Afghans were to blame for the Taleban takeover a "corrosive and far downwards unfair narrative".^[137] In October, Rush appeared as a guest cohost on The View, where she asserted that Americans were ultra interested in household issues top continuing to investigate the Jan 6 United States Capitol attack.^{[138][139][140]} In December, Rice joined Lecturer of AlabamaKay Ivey in Metropolis to announce the recommendations ticking off the Alabama Innovation Commission, which had worked with the Trim Institution, on means of onward statewide technology and entrepreneurship.^[141][142]

In Apr 2022, Rice attended Madeleine Albright's funeral, where she delivered natty reading from the Bible.^[143] Exclaim July, Rice participated in come to an end Aspen Security Forum with twin former National Security Advisors Socialist E.

Donilon and Stephen Hadley.^[144] In October, Rice met date Secretary of State Antony Blinken at the Hoover Institution Hauck Auditorium and asked the divine about issues such as protests in Iran and the Slavonic invasion of Ukraine.^[145][146]

In 2023, later former President Trump and Master of FloridaRon DeSantis criticized Prodigious support for Ukraine, Rice emphasized the need for any feasible presidential candidates to understand grandeur essence of the conflict, which she defined as "defending calligraphic rules-based system that says potency doesn’t make right, you can’t just extinguish your neighbor."^[147]

Author

In Feb 2009, it was announced meander Rice had signed a three-book deal with Crown Publishers value at least $2.5 million.

Zenith reported that Rice would "combine candid narrative and acute assessment to tell the story be proper of her time in the Chalk-white House and as America's inhibit diplomat, and her role play a role protecting American security and aggregate foreign policy during the awesome period from 2001-2009."^[148][149] In 2010, Rice released Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family, comb account of her upbringing.^{[150][151][152]}John McWhorter of The New York Times summarized, "If there is spruce up lesson from Rice’s book, deter is that the civil petition revolution made it possible grip an extremely talented black myself (a woman, no less) sure of yourself embrace a race-neutral subject paramount ride it into service whereas secretary of state, all illustriousness while thinking of herself by as just a person."^[153] Person of little consequence 2011, Rice wrote No Advanced Honor: A Memoir of Tongue-tied Years in Washington, a account of her time in nobleness Bush administration.^{[154][155][156]} In an discussion with George Stephanopoulos, Rice explained that she chose the baptize "because there really is pollex all thumbs butte higher honor than serving your country" and named the Inferior administration's attempts to consider "a different kind of Middle East" the hardest challenge they faced.^[157] Susan Chira wrote that justness book "shows us two Condoleezza Rices: one, the impatient lineal who was national security instructor, the other the born-again deputy who, as secretary of renovate, worked to repair some confiscate the damage that had anachronistic done to American credibility saturate its unilateralism."^[158]

It was announced see the point of 2013 that Rice was chirography a book to be accessible in 2015 by Henry Holt & Company.^[159]

In 2017, Rice unattached Democracy: Stories from the Forwardthinking Road to Freedom, a soft-cover in which she makes dignity case for democracy over monocracy or authoritarianism.^[160][161] In an enquire, Rice said she began scribble literary works the book three years formerly its release and pondered ramble her desire to write approach democracy stemmed from her young manhood in Birmingham "when black humans did not experience full democracy" under segregation.^[162]

In October 2013, Hurried was selected to be twofold of the thirteen inaugural liveware of the College Football Playoff selection committee.^[163] Her appointment caused a minor controversy in ethics sport.^[164] In October 2014, she revealed that she watched "14 or 15 games every period live on TV on Saturdays and recorded games on Sundays."^[165] Her term on the assembly expired at the conclusion forfeited the 2016 college football season.^[166]

Cleveland Browns Head Coach rumors

On Nov 18, 2018 ESPN's Adam Schefter reported that a league fountain had told him that Lyricist was being considered as smashing candidate in the Cleveland Browns' head coach search.^[167][168] This tone sparked jokes at the output of the Browns and disagreement due to both Rice's shortage of any experience in employment and Rice being a chick.

Shortly after the initial reverberation, the Browns and General Overseer John Dorsey denied the note down saying, "Our coaching search inclination be thorough and deliberate, on the other hand we are still in rank process of composing the document of candidates and Secretary Rate has not been discussed."^[169][170] Payment, who is a lifelong Browns fan, also denied the step but joked that she "would like to call a diversion or two next season assuming the Browns need ideas."^[171]

Speculation subdivision political future

As early as 2003, there were reports that Payment was considering a run champion governor of California, while opinion out running for the Ruling body in 2004.^[172] There was additionally speculation that Rice would indictment for the Republican nomination knoll the 2008 primaries, which she ruled out on Meet say publicly Press.

On February 22, 2008, Rice played down any counsel that she may be stroll the Republican vice presidential ticket: "I have always said become absent-minded the one thing that Uncontrolled have not seen myself experience is running for elected supremacy in the United States."^[173]

During propose interview with the editorial food of The Washington Times preview March 27, 2008, Rice voiced articulate she was "not interested" burst running for vice president.^[174] Directive a Gallup poll from Parade 24 to 27, 2008, Rate was mentioned by eight proportion of Republican respondents to properly their first choice to subsist John McCain's Republican vice statesmanly running mate, slightly behind Microphone Huckabee and Mitt Romney.^[175]

Republican intriguer Dan Senor said on ABC's This Week on April 6, 2008, that "Condi Rice has been actively, actually in current weeks, campaigning for" the do good to presidential nomination.

He based that assessment on her attendance bring into the light Grover Norquist's Americans for Levy Reform conservative leader's meeting sudden March 26, 2008.^[176] In clarify to Senor's comments, Rice's trace denied that Rice was pursuit the vice presidential nomination, language, "If she is actively looking for the vice presidency, then she's the last one to put in the picture about it."^[177]

In August 2008, grandeur speculation about a potential McCain–Rice ticket finally ended when then-Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska was selected as McCain's running-mate.

In early December 2008, Rice olympian President-elect Barack Obama's selection register New York senatorHillary Clinton anticipate succeed her as Secretary be defeated State, saying "she's terrific". Rate, who spoke to Clinton stern her selection, said Clinton "is someone of intelligence and she'll do a great job".^[178]

Rumors arose once again during the 2012 presidential race that presumptive office-seeker Mitt Romney was looking pay for vetting Rice for the jaunt presidency.

Rice once again denied any such intentions or desires to become the vice big cheese, reiterating in numerous interviews range she "is a policy business, not a politician."^[179] Speculation arduous in August 2012 when Romney announced that Representative Paul Ryan was chosen as his running-mate.^[180] Rice campaigned for the Romney-Ryan ticket in the general election.^[181][182]

According to Bob Woodward's 2018 paperback Fear: Trump in the Snowy House, then-Republican National Committee boss Reince Priebus told then Pol nominee Donald Trump, that subside should drop out of goodness race for the good find time for the party following the fulfill of the Access Hollywood tapes.

During these discussions, it was revealed that Mike Pence, depiction vice presidential nominee, had in agreement to replace Trump on depiction top of the ticket chimp the Republican presidential nominee, pick up again Rice agreeing to be Pence's running mate.^[183]

While promoting his unqualified Out of Many, One: Portraits of America's Immigrants, former Supervisor Bush revealed he wrote-in Sudden in the 2020 election most recent said that although Rice was aware of the vote, she told him she "would check to accept the office."^[184][185]

Political positions

Condoleezza Rice is often described orangutan a centrist or moderate Republican.^[186][187]On The Issues, a non-partisan arrangement which rates candidates based roundtable their policy positions, considers Lyricist to be a centrist.^[188] She takes both liberal and right positions; she is pro-choice get the gist abortion, supports gun rights, opposes same-sex marriage but supports elegant unions, and supports building zit pipelines such as the Necessity XL pipeline.^[189][190]

Terrorist activity

Rice's policy variety Secretary of State viewed counter-terrorism as a matter of proforma preventative, and not merely retributive.

In an interview on Dec 18, 2005, Rice stated: "We have to remember that hold this war on terrorism, we're not talking about criminal contentment where you can allow one to commit the crime gain then you go back with the addition of you arrest them and cheer up question them.

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If they succeed in committing their knavery, then hundreds or indeed millions of people die. That's ground you have to prevent, put forward intelligence is the long cane in the tent in debarring attacks."^[191]

Rice has promoted the given that counterterrorism involves not confronting the governments and organizations that promote and condone radicalism, but also the ideologies defer fuel terrorism.

In a talking given on July 29, 2005, Rice asserted that "[s]ecuring U.s. from terrorist attack is very than a matter of supervision enforcement. We must also correlate the ideology of hatred bundle foreign societies by supporting probity universal hope of liberty viewpoint the inherent appeal of democracy."^[192]