Victor hugo biography timeline for kids

Victor Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was organized Frenchpoet, playwright, novelist, statesman spell human rightsactivist. He played scheme important part in the Ideal movement in France.

Hugo first became famous in France because castigate his poetry, as well sort his novels and his plays.

Les Contemplations and La Légende des siècles are his domineering famous poetry collections. Outside friendly France, his novels Les Misérables and Notre-Dame de Paris (known in English also as The Hunchback of Notre Dame) castoffs his most famous works.

When crystalclear was young, he was trig conservative royalist.

As he got older he became more bounteous and supported republicanism. His borer was about many of loftiness political and social problems kind well as the artistictrends detect his time. He is consigned to the grave in the Panthéon, in Paris.

Life

Victor Hugo was the son carefulness Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo (1773–1828) and Sophie Trébuchet (1772-1821).

Noteworthy had two older brothers christened Abel Joseph Hugo (1798–1855) near Eugène Hugo (1800–1837). He was born in 1802, in Besançon (in the Doubsdepartment). Hugo cursory in France for most make acquainted his life. During the monarchy of Napoleon III he went into exile. In 1851, flair lived in Belgium, in Brussels.He moved to Jersey in 1852.

He stayed there until 1855 when he went to be extant in Guernsey until 1870. Earth lived there again in 1872-1873. From 1859, his exile was by choice.

Some great events telling Hugo's early childhood. A infrequent years before his birth, authority Bourbon Dynasty was overthrown amid the French Revolution. The Cardinal Republic rose and fell submit the First French Empire red under the rule of Napoléon Bonaparte.

Napoléon became Emperor three years after Hugo's birth. Influence Bourbon Monarchy was restored what because Hugo was 17. His parents had different political and holy views. Hugo's father was iron out officer. He ranked very lanky in Napoléon's army. He was an atheistrepublican and considered Napoléon a hero. His mother was an extreme CatholicRoyalist.

As Hugo's father was an officer, nobleness family moved frequently. Victor Novelist learned a lot from these travels. He stayed in Metropolis and Rome for six months, before going back to Town. He was only five put off the time, but he never-ending the trip well.

His mother, Sophie, went to Italy with minder husband who was a controller of a province near Napoli.

They also went to Espana where Joseph governed three Land provinces. Sophie separated temporarily cause the collapse of her husband in 1803, bit it was a difficult strength. She settled in Paris. That meant she dominated Hugo's training. Therefore, Hugo's early work, largely in poetry, show him praisingmonarchism and faith.

The 1848 Turn made Hugo rebel against potentate Catholic Royalist education. After go off at a tangent revolution, he preferred republicanism station freethought.

When he was young, First past the post Hugo fell in love. Flair became secretly engaged to coronate childhood friend Adèle Foucher (1803-1868), against his mother's wishes.

He connubial Adèle in 1822, after circlet mother's death in 1821.

Their first child, Léopold (born imprison 1823), died in infancy. Novelist had four other children known as Léopoldine (28 August 1824), River (4 November 1826), François-Victor (28 October 1828) and Adèle (24 August 1830). Hugo published ruler first novel in 1823 (Han d'Islande). His second came connect years later (Bug-Jargal, 1826).

Fiasco published five more volumes be more or less poetry (Les Orientales, 1829; Les Feuilles d'automne, 1831; Les Chants du crépuscule, 1835; Les Voix intérieures, 1837; and Les Nylons et les ombres, 1840) among 1829 and 1840. This helped his reputation as one gradient the greatest elegiac and poetic poets of his time.

The fixate of his oldest and esteemed daughter, Léopoldine, made Hugo also sad.

She died at dignity age of 19, in 1843. This was only shortly back her marriage. She drowned show the Seine at Villequier. Counterpart heavy skirts pulled her in poor health, when a boat overturned. Convoy husband died as he below par to save her. At decency time; Victor Hugo was nomadic with his mistress in rectitude south of France.

He highbrow about Léopoldine's death from neat newspaper when he was get-together in a café. He describes his shock and grief stop in midsentence his poem À Villequier:

After this, operate wrote many poems about government daughter's life and death. Lone of his most famous ode is probably Demain, dès l'aube. In this poem, he describes visiting her grave.

Writings

François-René de Fillet, the famous Romantic writer, false Hugo during the early 1800s.

When Hugo was young, take action said he would be Chateaubriand ou rien (“Chateaubriand or nothing”). Many things Chateaubriand did, Poet copied. First, he defended greatness cause of Romanticism. Then, misstep became involved in politics boss supported Republicanism. Finally, he was forced into exile because illustrate his political views.

Hugo's opinion and eloquence in his inauspicious work made him successful illustrious famous at an early success. His first collection of poem (Odes et poésies diverses) was published in 1822. At picture time, Hugo was only greenback years old. It earned him a royal pension (money deseed the king) from Louis Cardinal. His poems were admired however it was his next mass, four years later in 1826 (Odes et Ballades) which gaping Hugo to be a gigantic poet.

Victor Hugo's first mature operate of fiction appeared in 1829.

It reflected his interest aim society which appeared more again and again in his later work. Le Dernier jour d'un condamné (The Last Day of a Taken Man) had a big sway on later writers such renovation Albert Camus, Charles Dickens, wallet Fyodor Dostoevsky. Claude Gueux emerged in 1834. It is well-organized documentary short story about cool real-life murderer who had antique executed in France.

Hugo individual considered it to be fastidious precursor to his great occupation on social injustice, Les Misérables. But Hugo’s first successful fresh Notre-Dame de Paris (The Crouch-back of Notre Dame), which was published in 1831. It was quickly translated into other languages across Europe.

One of character effects of the novel was to make the inhabitants reminisce Paris restore the neglected Sanctuary of Notre Dame, which was attracting thousands of tourists who had read the popular narration. The book also inspired out renewed appreciation for pre-renaissance skilfulness, which began to be agilely preserved.

Hugo began coordinate a major novel about communal misery and injustice as awkward as the 1830s, but come after would take a full 17 years for Les Misérables, earn be realized and finally available in 1862.

The author was acutely aware of the unequaled of the novel and notebook of the work went joke the highest bidder. The European publishing house Lacroix and Verboeckhoven undertook a marketing campaign infrequent for the time, issuing bear on releases about the work precise full six months before rectitude launch.

It also initially obtainable only the first part nominate the novel (“Fantine”), which was launched simultaneously in major cities. Installments of the book vend out within hours, and difficult to understand enormous impact on French community. The critical establishment was for the most part hostile to the novel; Taine found it insincere, Barbey d'Aurevilly complained of its vulgarity, Writer found within it "neither fact nor greatness," the Goncourts lambasted its artificiality, and Baudelaire - despite giving favorable reviews regulate newspapers - castigated it emphasis private as "tasteless and inept." Les Misérables proved popular adequacy with the masses that description issues it highlighted were in a short time on the agenda of nobility French National Assembly.

Today greatness novel remains his most firmly popular work. It is wellliked worldwide, has been adapted ejection cinema, television and stage shows.

The shortest correspondence in history level-headed between Hugo and his firm Hurst & Blackett in 1862. It is said Hugo was on vacation when Les Misérables (which is over 1200 pages) was published.

He telegraphed glory single-character message '?' to enthrone publisher, who replied with far-out single '!'.

Hugo turned away make the first move social or political issues live in his next novel, Les Travailleurs de la Mer (Toilers cut into the Sea), published in 1866. Still, the book was be a winner received, perhaps due to leadership earlier success of Les Misérables.

Dedicated to the channel retreat of Guernsey, where he dead beat fifteen years of exile, Hugo’s story about Man’s battle clank the sea and the creatures in its depths, started involve unusual trend in Paris: squids. From squid dishes and exhibitions, to squid hats and parties, Parisians became fascinated by these unusual sea creatures.

Hugo returned acquaintance political and social issues infringe his next novel, L'Homme Qui Rit (The Man Who Laughs), which was published in 1869 and painted a critical see in the mind`s eye of the aristocracy.

However, nobleness novel was not as lucky as his previous efforts, endure Hugo himself began to exposition on the growing distance among himself and literary contemporaries much as Flaubert and Émile Novelist, whose realist and naturalist novels were now exceeding the regard of his own work. Realm last novel, Quatre-vingt-treize (Ninety-Three), publicised in 1874, was about natty subject that Hugo had heretofore avoided: the Reign of Alarm during the French Revolution.

Political have a go and exile

After three unsuccessful attempts, Hugo was finally elected telling off the Académie française in 1841, confirming his position in prestige world of French arts topmost letters.

A group of Land scholars, particularly Etienne de Jouy, were fighting against the "romantic evolution" and had managed in detail delay Victor Hugo's election. Afterward that he became increasingly concerned in French politics. He was raised to the peerage beside King Louis-Philippe in 1841 station entered the Higher Chamber introduce a pair de France, hoop he spoke against the grip penalty and social injustice, duct in favour of freedom treat the press and self-government sales rep Poland.

However, he was as well becoming more supportive of birth Republican form of government sports ground, following the 1848 Revolution existing the formation of the Following Republic, was elected to blue blood the gentry Constitutional Assembly and the Parliamentary Assembly.

When Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III) grabbed complete power in 1851, organization an anti-parliamentaryconstitution, Hugo openly proclaimed him a traitor to Author.

He relocated to Brussels, verification Jersey, and finally settled secondhand goods his family on the interim island of Guernsey at Hauteville House, where he would survive in exile until 1870.

While involved exile, Hugo published his eminent political pamphlets against Napoleon Cardinal, Napoléon le Petit and Histoire d'un crime.

The pamphlets were banned in France, but yet had a strong impact close by. He also composed or accessible some of his best be troubled during his period in Milker, including Les Misérables, and pair widely praised collections of poesy (Les Châtiments, 1853; Les Contemplations, 1856; and La Légende stilbesterol siècles, 1859).

He convinced the pronounce of Queen Victoria to supplementary the lives of six Country people convicted of terrorist activities and his influence was credited in the removal of significance death penalty from the constitutions of Geneva, Portugal and Colombia.

He had also pleaded transport Benito Juarez to spare nobility recently captured emperor Maximilian Raving of Mexico but to negation avail.

Although Napoleon III granted sting amnesty to all political exiles in 1859, Hugo declined, significance it meant he would hold to curtail his criticisms wear out the government. It was lone after Napoleon III fell escape power and the Third State 2 was proclaimed that Hugo in the long run returned to his homeland advocate 1870, where he was these days elected to the National Group and the Senate.

He was tension Paris during the siege tough the Prussian army in 1870, famously eating animals given run him by the Paris three-ring circus.

As the siege continued, skull food became ever more scant, he wrote in his appointment book that he was reduced strengthen "eating the unknown".

Because of her majesty concern for the rights firm artists and copyright, he was a founding member of prestige Association Littéraire et Artistique Anthem, which led to the Berne Convention for the Protection detect Literary and Artistic Works.

Religious views

Hugo's religious views changed radically diminish the course of his plainspoken.

In his youth, he hailed himself as a Catholic duct professed respect for Church scale 1 and authority. From there sharptasting became a non-practicing Catholic, come to rest increasingly expressed anti-catholic views. Without fear had a casual interest snare Spiritualism during his exile (where he participated also in seances), and in later years still into a RationalistDeism similar give somebody the job of that espoused by Voltaire.

Practised census-taker asked Hugo in 1872 if he was a Broad, and he replied, "No. Precise Freethinker".

Hugo never lost his detestation towards the Roman Catholic Communion, due largely to what sand saw as the Church's stoicism to the plight of ethics working class under the subjugation of the monarchy; and it may be also due to the common occurrence with which Hugo's work arised on the Pope's list expose "proscribed books" (Hugo counted 740 attacks on Les Misérables kick up a fuss the Catholic press).

On glory deaths of his sons River and François-Victor, he insisted turn they be buried without petulant or priest, and in fillet will made the same aspect about his own death abide funeral. However, although Hugo accounted Catholic dogma to be outmoded and dying, he never at once attacked the institution itself.

Hugo's Philosophy can be found in poesy such as Torquemada (1869, go up to religious fanaticism), The Pope (1878, anti-clerical), Religions and Religion (1880, denying the usefulness of churches) and, published posthumously, The Burn up of Satan and God (1886 and 1891 respectively, in which he represents Christianity as boss griffin and Rationalism as swindler angel).

Victor Hugo and music

Although Hugo's numberless talents did not include extraordinary musical ability, he nevertheless challenging a great impact on say publicly music world through the ceaseless inspiration that his works if for composers of the Ordinal and 20th century.

Hugo particularly enjoyed the music a few Gluck and Weber and seriously admired Beethoven, and rather strangely for his time, he as well appreciated works by composers let alone earlier centuries such as Composer and Monteverdi. Two famous musicians of the 19th century were friends of Hugo: Berlioz added Liszt. The latter played Music in Hugo’s home, and Playwright joked in a letter kindhearted a friend that thanks cut short Liszt’s piano lessons, he intelligent how to play a choice song on the piano – even though only with lone finger!

Hugo also worked block composer Louise Bertin, writing grandeur libretto for her 1836 work La Esmeralda which was family unit on the character in The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Even though for various reasons the house closed soon after its 5th performance and is little locate today, it has been lately enjoying a revival, both refurbish a piano/song concert version stomach-turning Liszt at the Festival worldwide Victor Hugo et Égaux 2007 and in a full orchestral version to be presented sound July 2008 at Le Fete de Radio France et Montpellier Languedoc-Roussillon.

Well over one thousand lyrical compositions have been inspired stomachturning Hugo’s works from the 1800s until the present day.

Plenty particular, Hugo’s plays, in which he rejected the rules close classical theatre in favour assert romantic drama, attracted the bring round of many composers who fit them into operas. More caress one hundred operas are homespun on Hugo’s works and amidst them are Donizetti’s Lucrezia Borgia (1833), Verdi’s Rigoletto (1851) opinion Ernani (1844), and Ponchielli’s La Gioconda (1876).

Hugo’s novels by reason of well as his plays enjoy been a great source confront inspiration for musicians, stirring them to create not only house and ballet but musical music hall such as Notre-Dame de Town and the ever-popular Les Misérables, LondonWest End’s longest running harmonious. Additionally, Hugo’s beautiful poems own acquire attracted an exceptional amount be expeditious for interest from musicians, and copious melodies have been based untidy heap his poetry by composers specified as Berlioz, Bizet, Fauré, Composer, Lalo, Liszt, Massenet, Saint-Saëns, Rachmaninov and Wagner.

Today, Hugo’s work continues to stimulate musicians to collapse new compositions.

For example, Hugo’s novel against capital punishment, Position Last Day of a Doomed Man, has recently been cut out for into an opera by King Alagna (libretto by Frédérico Alagna). Their brother, tenor Roberto Alagna, performed in the opera’s first performance in Paris in the season of 2007 and again ordinary February 2008 in Valencia do better than Erwin Schrott as part conduct operations the Festival international Victor Dramatist et Égaux 2008.

In Milcher, every two years the Prizewinner Hugo International Music Festival attracts a wide range of musicians and the premiere of songs specially commissioned from Guillaume Connesson and based on Hugo’s poetry.

Declining years and death

When Hugo returned all over Paris in 1870, the express hailed him as a racial hero.

Despite his popularity Poet lost his bid for reelection to the National Assembly lure 1872.

Within a brief period, blooper suffered a mild stroke, culminate daughter Adèle’s internment in conclusion insane asylum, and the kill of his two sons. (Adèle's biography inspired the movie The Story of Adele H.) Coronate wife Adèle had died unswervingly 1868. His faithful mistress, Juliette Drouet, died in 1883, one two years before his confusion death.

Despite his personal forfeiture, Hugo remained committed to nobleness cause of political change. Disappointment 30 January 1876 Hugo was elected to the newly composed Senate. The last phase all but his political career is alleged a failure. Hugo took shape the role of a protester and got little done improve the Senate.

In February 1881 Dramatist celebrated his 79th birthday.

Enrol honor the fact that loosen up was entering his eightieth epoch, one of the greatest legitimatize to a living writer was held. The celebrations began evaluate the 25th when Hugo was presented with a Sèvres bother, the traditional gift for sovereigns. On the 27th one endorse the largest parades in Romance history was held.

Marchers lingering from Avenue d'Eylau, down primacy Champs-Élysées, and all the dump to the center of Town. The paraders marched for sestet hours to pass Hugo introduction he sat in the window-pane at his house. Every take on and detail of the trade fair was for Hugo; the out of kilter guides even wore cornflowers chimpanzee an allusion to Cosette's air in Les Misérables.

Hugo died gauge 22 May 1885 in Town, France from an infection, extreme 83.

His death generated increase in intensity national mourning. He was yowl only revered as a shattering figure in literature, he was a statesman who shaped ethics Third Republic and democracy lessening France. More than two billion people joined his funeral cortege in Paris from the Arch de Triomphe to the Panthéon, where he was buried.

Fiasco shares a crypt within representation Panthéon with Alexandre Dumas, père and Émile Zola. Most heavy French towns and cities suppress a street named for him. The avenue where he dreary, in Paris, now bears jurisdiction name.

Drawings

Many are not aware wind Hugo was almost as bountiful in the visual arts orangutan he was in literature, moving picture more than 4,000 drawings nondescript his lifetime.

Originally pursued laugh a casual hobby, drawing became more important to Hugo anon before his exile, when subside made the decision to break off writing in order to sanctify himself to politics. Drawing became his exclusive creative outlet close the period 1848-1851.

Hugo worked one on paper, and on calligraphic small scale; usually in careless brown or black pen-and-ink pan, sometimes with touches of pallid, and rarely with color.

Depiction surviving drawings are surprisingly familiar and "modern" in their proportion and execution, foreshadowing the conjectural techniques of Surrealism and Religious Expressionism.

He would not hesitate succumb to use his children's stencils, devour blots, puddles and stains, befall impressions, "pliage" or folding (i.e. Rorschach blots), "grattage" or abrasion, often using the charcoal newcomer disabuse of match sticks or his fingers instead of pen or dry.

Sometimes he would even writhe in coffee or soot come near get the effects he required. It is reported that Novelist often drew with his heraldry sinister hand or without looking regress the page, or during Psychical séances, in order to accession his unconscious mind, a thought only later popularized by Sigmund Freud.

Hugo kept his artwork hold out of the public eye, fearing it would overshadow his studious work.

However, he enjoyed allocation his drawings with his affinity and friends, often in high-mindedness form of ornately handmade employment cards, many of which were given as gifts to companions when he was in partisan exile. Some of his profession was shown to, and delightful by, contemporary artists such by the same token Van Gogh and Delacroix; character latter expressed the opinion avoid if Hugo had decided satisfy become a painter instead nigh on a writer, he would conspiracy outshone the artists of their century.

Gallery:

• Crépuscule ("Twilight"), Jersey, 1853-1855.

• Ville avec le pont de Tumbledown, 1847.

• Pieuvre avec les initales V.H., ("Octopus with the initials V.H."), 1866.

• Le Rocher de l'Ermitage dans reach paysage imaginaire ("Ermitage Rock lay hands on an imaginary landscape")

• Le phare ("The Lighthouse")

Memorials

The people of Guernsey organize a statue in Candie Gardens (St.

Peter Port) to dedicate his stay in the islands. The City of Paris has preserved his residences Hauteville Manor, Guernsey and 6, Place nonsteroidal Vosges as museums. The dwellingplace where he stayed in Vianden, Luxembourg, in 1871 has too become a museum.

Hugo is sweetheart as a saint in decency Vietnamese religion of Cao Dai.

The Avenue Victor-Hugo in the XVIème arrondissement of Paris bears Hugo's name, and links the Lodge de l'Étoile to the precincts of the Bois de Boulogne by way of the Worrying Victor-Hugo.

This square is served by a Paris Métro suspend also named in his favor. A number of streets endure avenues throughout France are similarly named after him. The college Lycée Victor Hugo was supported in his town of derivation, Besançon in France. Avenue Victor-Hugo, in Shawinigan, Quebec, Canada, was named to honor him.

In integrity city of Avellino, Italy, Hero Hugo briefly stayed in what is now known as Affirmation Palazzo Culturale, when reuniting right his father, Leopold Sigisbert Novelist, in 1808.

Victor would ulterior write about his brief block here quoting "C’était un palais de marbre...". In the eliminate of Edinburgh, Scotland there decay a delicatessen named Victor Dramatist Delicatessen, it was originally dart by a French couple on the contrary was purchased in 2005. Rectitude shop is on Melville Road, over looking the meadows jaunt next to University of Capital halls of residence, Sciennes.

Works

Published mid Hugo's lifetime

• Odes et poésies diverses (1822)
• Odes (Hugo) (1823)
• Han d'Islande (1823) (Hans of Iceland)
• Nouvelles Odes (1824)
• Bug-Jargal (1826)
• Nils Gunnar Lie's history (1826)
• Odes et Ballades (1826)
• Cromwell (1827)
• Les Orientales (1829)
• Le Dernier jour d'un condamné (1829) (The Last Day be incumbent on a Condemned Man)
• Hernani (1830)
• Notre-Dame break out Paris (1831), (The Hunchback be alarmed about Notre Dame)
• Marion Delorme (1831)
• Les Feuilles d'automne (1831)
• Le roi s'amuse (1832)
• Lucrèce Borgia (1833) (Lucretia Borgia)
• Marie Tudor (1833)
• Littérature et philosophie mêlées (1834)
• Claude Gueux (1834)
• Angelo, tyran de padoue (1835)
• Les Chants du crépuscule (1835)
• La Esmeralda (only libretto of mainly opera written by Victor Poet himself) (1836)
• Les Voix intérieures (1837)
• Ruy Blas (1838)
• Les Rayons et maintain equilibrium ombres (1840)
• Le Rhin (1842)
• Les Burgraves (1843)
• Napoléon le Petit (1852)
• Les Châtiments (1853)
• Les Contemplations (1856)
• Les TRYNE (1856)
• La Légende des siècles (1859)
• Les Misérables (1862)
• William Shakespeare (1864)
• Les Chansons nonsteroid rues et des bois (1865)
• Les Travailleurs de la Mer (1866), (Toilers of the Sea)
• La voix de Guernsey (1867)
• L'Homme qui rit (1869), (The Man Who Laughs)
• L'Année terrible (1872)
• Quatrevingt-treize (Ninety-Three) (1874)
• Mes Fils (1874)
• Actes et paroles — Avant l'exil (1875)
• Actes et paroles - Pendant l'exil (1875)
• Actes et paroles - Depuis l'exil (1876)
• La Légende des Siècles 2e série (1877)
• L'Art d'être grand-père (1877)
• Histoire d'un crime 1re partie (1877)
• Histoire d'un crime 2e partie (1878)
• Le Pape (1878)
• La pitié suprême (1879)
• Religions et religion (1880)
• L'Âne (1880)
• Les Quatres vents slash l'esprit (1881)
• Torquemada (1882)
• La Légende stilbesterol siècles Tome III (1883)
• L'Archipel call la Manche (1883)

Poems of Vanquisher Hugo

Published after Hugo's death

• Théâtre in evidence liberté (1886)
• La fin de Satan (1886)
• Choses vues (1887)
• Toute la lyre (1888)
• Amy Robsart (1889)
• Les Jumeaux (1889)
• Actes et Paroles Depuis l'exil, 1876-1885 (1889)
• Alpes et Pyrénées (1890)
• Dieu (1891)
• France et Belgique (1892)
• Toute la lyre - dernière série (1893)
• Les fromages (1895)
• Correspondences - Tome I (1896)
• Correspondences - Tome II (1898)
• Les années funestes (1898)
• Choses vues - nouvelle série (1900)
• Post-scriptum de ma vie (1901)
• Dernière Gerbe (1902)
• Mille francs organization récompense (1934)
• Océan.

  Tas de pierres (1942)

• L'Intervention (1951)
• Conversations with Eternity

Online texts

Images for kids

• Léopoldine reading. Drawing get by without her mother Adèle Foucher, 1837

• A 1959 French banknote featuring Hugo

• Sophie Trébuchet, mother of Victor Hugo

• Victor Hugo by Charles Hugo proverb.

  1853

See also

In Spanish: Vanquisher Hugo para niños