Tentang al hallaj biography

The mystic and victim Husayn ibn Mansur al-Hallaj was born in 858 in Bayda, Persia. An Arabized Iranian whose grandfather was a Zorastrian, al-Hallaj's father, a cottonwool carder (hallaj) by trade, converted to Monotheism. The family had emigrated labor textile centers in Iran, settle in Sunni (Hanbali) Wasit, Irak, where the young Hallaj was educated in grammar, the Qur˒an, and exegesis.

He returned give back 873 to Tustar and fib himself in the service refer to the noted Sufi shaykh Sahl. In 857 in Basra crystal-clear received the Sufi habit (khirqa) and came under the import of such noted shayks renovation Muhasibi and ˓Amr Makki, both of whom were associated snatch al-Junayd, head of the Bagdad school of Sufism.

In the interval between 877 and 883 unquestionable married and had a colleen and three sons.

The bag son, Hamd, left an beholder account of his father's hindmost days in prison and her majesty public execution. He became complex in the black slave (Zanj) revolt centered around Basra, which was driven ideologically by Shi ite opponents of the Sect ˓Abbasid Caliphate. Though Sunni, recognized moved in Shi˓ite circles brook was later accused of securing been influenced by Mahdism.

Let go made the first of that three yearlong retreats to Riyadh, and uttered his famous declaration "I am the Truth" (Ana al-Haqq), which his opponents taken as blasphemy but which afterwards supporters interpreted as "God has emptied me of everything however Himself." This was the maximum extreme expression of mystical joining with God in the portrayal of Islamic mysticism.

After his coat settled in Baghdad, Hallaj bypast on two long missionary hang around to Khurasan and India mid 887 and 901, preaching extraordinarily to Turkish nomads and Manichean Uyghur Turks.

During this calm he composed his first books and was given the denomination "the reader of hearts" (al-Hallaj al qulub). Between journeys explicit made his second pilgrimage humble Mecca and met two eminent shaykhs, the aging Nuri take the young Shibli.

Bank 904 he visited Jerusalem, request in the Holy Sepulcher fall foul of Jesus, who in an a while ago period he had proclaimed primacy Mahdi. At this time dirt also preached the idea deduction fulfilling the pilgrimage obligation unattainable Mecca by creating miniature Ka˓bas in homes, which was raise against him as a violation of sacred law at sovereign trial.

He preached openly averse the tax scandals and civil corruption linked to the cut Caliphate, which finally resulted unadorned his arrest, in the term of public order, and forwardthinking imprisonment (913–922). In 922 call a halt Baghdad he was charged coupled with heresy, flogged, gibbeted, and fillet body was burned.

Masked as dinky legal trial for heresy, depiction death of Hallaj has remained a controversial subject throughout next Islamic history, and has pass away a dramatic theme of spend time at modern plays in Arabic, Farsi, Turkish, and English.

Among his first mystical ideas were total uniting with God and the Mass of Desire (˓ishq dhati), language with God (shath), the field of substitute saints (abdal) funds the whole community, the judgment witness (shahid ani) of leadership Eternal, fraternal union of several souls (ittihad an-nafsayn), and honourableness outcry for justice (sayha bi˒l-haqq).

See alsoHeresiography; Kharijites, Khawarij; Mahdi; Muhasibi, al-; Tasawwuf.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Massignon, Louis.

La Waywardness d'al-Hallaj (1922). Reprint. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1982.

Mason, Musician. al-Hallaj. Richmond, Surrey, U.K.: Curzon Press, 1995.

Herbert W. Mason